Two decades ago to make a 360° panorama you used a camera on a tripod to take photos of the scene, then stitch them together with software like QuickTime VR.
This is how back then a friend of mine made a panorama of the magnificent Room of the World Map of Villa Farnese at Caprarola, Italy, which features geography and astronomy themed decorations. My friend now dusted off the panorama and posted it online.
https://www.zippano.com/preview/17632ei1ux85w113-1763218513
